Abstract
In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39–57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25–36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation.
Highlights
Nowadays special attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of the diseases associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs)
Cell viability and biosynthetic characteristics were analyzed for cell cultures of T. terrestris, P. japonicus and D. deltoidea grown in bioreactors, under a semi-continuous regime
The results of the study evidenced that oral administration of phytopreparations based on D. deltoidea and T. terrestris cell biomass act towards the normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Summary
Nowadays special attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of the diseases associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs). These disorders impose the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, etc., which are the leading causes of deaths from the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) named diabetes mellitus among the most impactful NCDs, and by 2030, diabetes is predicted to be the seventh cause of death worldwide. The risk of CVD development in men with diabetes mellitus is two to three times higher, and in women, it is 3–5 times higher, compared to persons with normal carbohydrate metabolism [4,5]. Over 50% of the population at risk is not aware of their CMD, since it may progress for years without visible clinical symptoms
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