Abstract
Phytic acid (IP6) is a potent antioxidant present in several natural foods. Beneficial effects on colon cancer and inflammation have been associated to IP6 in several studies, however, scarce data about the effect on small intestine are available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of IP6 from rice and corn on intestinal morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression using swine jejunal explants as experimental model. This report demonstrated that explants treated with 0.5 mM, 2.5 mM and 5 mM of IP6 from rice and 2.5 mM and 5 mM from corn showed higher villi height compared to control. Explants treated with 2.5 mM and 5 mM IP6 from rice exhibited a significant reduction on intestinal histological changes (villi atrophy and fusion, edema, lymphatic vessel dilation, loss of apical enterocytes, cell vacuolation, necrotic debris, morphology of enterocytes and microvilli and number of villi). The cellular proliferation decreased in the explants treated with the dosages of 2.5 mM and 5 mM from rice and a significant decrease in cell apoptosis was observed in the treatments with 2.5 mM IP6 from rice and 5 mM IP6 from corn compared to the control. The explants treated with 2.5 mM and 5 mM IP6 from rice and corn showed a significant reduction of the Cox-2 expression. Higher dosages of IP6 from rice and corn used in this experiment increased the viability and preservation of intestinal tissue as evidenced by morphological and immunohistochemical assays.
Highlights
Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural antioxidant present in cereals, legumes, nuts, oil seeds, spores, needles and pollen, compounding approximately 1-5% of weight and, accounting for 60-90% of the total seed phosphorus (Lolas, Palamidis; Markakis; 1976; Graf; Eaton 1990)
We investigated the effects of IP6 from rice and corn in different doses on intestinal morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and Cox-2 expression using swine jejunal explants
Explants exposed to IP6 showed normal villi height and morphology (Figure 1A, 1B)
Summary
Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural antioxidant present in cereals, legumes, nuts, oil seeds, spores, needles and pollen, compounding approximately 1-5% of weight and, accounting for 60-90% of the total seed phosphorus (Lolas, Palamidis; Markakis; 1976; Graf; Eaton 1990). Cereals widely consumed by humans and animals, the IP6 is concentrated mainly in the pericarp and in the germ, representing 2.2% and 6.4% of weight, respectively (Graf; Eaton, 1990). The IP6 and IP5 are present within the cells in substantial amounts (10 μM to 1 mM). These levels are much higher than any other inositol phosphates
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