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Abstract
Objectives:Changes in the way dietary fat is metabolized can be considered causative in obesity. The role of sedentary behavior in this defect has not been determined. We hypothesized that physical inactivity partitions dietary fats toward storage and that a resistance exercise training program mitigates storage.Design:We used bed rest, with randomization to resistance training, as a model of physical inactivity.Setting:The trial took place at the Space Clinic (Toulouse, France).Participants:A total of 18 healthy male volunteers, of mean age ± standard deviation 32.6 ± 4.0 y and body mass index 23.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2, were enrolled.Interventions:An initial 15 d of baseline data collection were followed by 3 mo of strict bed-rest alone (control group, n = 9) or with the addition of supine resistance exercise training every 3 d (exercise group, n = 9).Outcome measures:Oxidation of labeled [d31]palmitate (the main saturated fatty acid of human diet) and [1-13C]oleate (the main monounsaturated fatty acid), body composition, net substrate use, and plasma hormones and metabolites were measured.Results:Between-group comparisons showed that exercise training did not affect oxidation of both oleate (mean difference 5.6%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −3.3% to 14.5%; p = 0.20) and palmitate (mean difference −0.2%; 95% CI, −4.1% to 3.6%; p = 0.89). Within-group comparisons, however, showed that inactivity changed oxidation of palmitate in the control group by −11.0% (95% CI, −19.0% to −2.9%; p = 0.01) and in the exercise group by −11.3% (95% CI, −18.4% to −4.2%; p = 0.008). In contrast, bed rest did not significantly affect oleate oxidation within groups. In the control group, the mean difference in oleate oxidation was 3.2% (95% CI, −4.2% to 10.5%; p = 0.34) and 6.8% (95% CI, −1.2% to 14.7%; p = 0.08) in the exercise group.Conclusions:Independent of changes in energy balance (intake and/or output), physical inactivity decreased the oxidation of saturated but not monounsaturated dietary fat. The effect is apparently not compensated by resistance exercise training. These results suggest that Mediterranean diets should be recommended in sedentary subjects and recumbent patients.
Highlights
Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions, affecting all sexes, races, and ages
We investigated the effects of enforced physical inactivity induced by three months of strict bed rest on dietary fat oxidation and tested the efficacy of a low-volume, highintensity resistance training program to mitigate the effects of this extreme sedentary behavior
An additional objective was to test the hypothesis that a high-intensity, lowvolume resistance exercise training protocol would mitigate the effect of inactivity on dietary fat oxidation
Summary
Obesity is reaching pandemic proportions, affecting all sexes, races, and ages. Currently more than 1 billion adults are overweight and at least 300 million of them are clinically obese. Overweight, and obesity, is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases and disabilities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and stroke, and certain forms of cancer [1]. Understanding the factors which regulate dietary fat oxidation is crucial to deciphering the causes of obesity. Obesity is an important contributor to the burden of chronic diseases, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and stroke. The physiological effects of inactivity are not well understood In this trial, supported by the European Space Agency, a group of researchers aimed to further understand the effects of physical inactivity on the way that fat from the diet is metabolized (i.e., broken down to generate energy). As secondary objectives of the study, body weight, water, fat, and energy expenditure were examined in the participants
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