Effect of Physical Exercise on the Release of Microparticles with Angiogenic Potential

Andrea Di Credico,Angela Di Baldassarre,Barbara Ghinassi,Giulia Gaggi,Pascal Izzicupo

doi:10.3390/app10144871

Abstract

Cellular communication has a fundamental role in both human physiological and pathological states and various mechanisms are involved in the crosstalk between organs. Among these, microparticles (MPs) have an important involvement. MPs are a subtype of extracellular vesicles produced by a variety of cells following activation or apoptosis. They are normally present in physiological conditions, but their concentration varies in pathological states such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or cancer. Acute and chronic physical exercise are able to modify MPs amounts as well. Among various actions, exercise-responsive MPs affect angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing vessels. Usually, the neo vascular growth has functional role; but an aberrant neovascularization accompanies several oncogenic, ischemic, or inflammatory diseases. In addition, angiogenesis is one of the key adaptations to physical exercise and training. In the present review, we report evidence regarding the effect of various typologies of exercise on circulating MPs that are able to affect angiogenesis.

Highlights

The capacity to communicate between cells, tissues, and organs is a fundamental requisite to ensure appropriate physiological functions [1]
Hypoxia represents an important stimulus for angiogenesis: it activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that upregulate various angiogenic genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [2]
The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of different patterns of physical exercise on the concentration of circulating MPs with a known angiogenic potential

Summary

Introduction

The capacity to communicate between cells, tissues, and organs is a fundamental requisite to ensure appropriate physiological functions [1]. One of the most important mechanisms governed by cell communication and signaling is represented by the formation of vasculature. It is well known that vascular formation and growth are processes strictly regulated by growth factors and bioactive molecules. Physiological angiogenesis represents the results of an accurate balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic signals [5]. In pathological conditions, this balance is compromised and the new vessels do not provide a functional vascular perfusion [6]

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