Abstract
The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of soil application of different concentrations of orthophosphate (P) (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg−1) on rice agronomic and yield parameters, arsenic (As) species accumulation, and polyphenol levels in the grain of rice grown under As spiked soil (10 mg kg−1). The contents of As species (As(V), As (III), MMA and DMA) and polyphenols in rice grain samples were estimated using LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. P treatments significantly reduced the toxic effects of As on agronomic parameters such as root weight and length, shoot and spike length, straw, and grain yield. Among the treatments studied, only the treatment of 30 mg kg−1 P helps to decrease the elevated levels of As (V), As (III), and DMA in rice grains due to As application. The study revealed that 30 mg kg−1 was the optimal P application amount to minimize AS accumulation in rice grains and As-linked toxicity on agronomic parameters and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Furthermore, the levels of trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin-7-glucoside increased in response to accumulation of As in the rice grain. In conclusion, the precise use of phosphorus may help to mitigate arsenic linked phytotoxicity and enhance the food safety aspect of rice grain.
Highlights
Accepted: 29 December 2020Arsenic (As) is a non-essential element for plants and humans, and it has been found to exhibit considerable toxicity upon excess accumulation [1]
We have demonstrated that the optimal use of P in the soil has a considerable impact on the accumulation of As species and allied toxicity in rice grown under As spiked soil
The findings of this study indicated that the P treatment of concentration 30 mg kg−1 was optimal to minimize As linked toxicity on agronomic parameters and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and enhance the safety of rice grain for consumption
Summary
Arsenic (As) is a non-essential element for plants and humans, and it has been found to exhibit considerable toxicity upon excess accumulation [1]. Irrigation with As contaminated water further adds the risk of soil contamination in crop fields [4,5]. The elevated level of As in soil is found to influence the yield of crops [6]. The staple food for half of the world population, is prone to accumulating a considerable amount of inorganic As when grown in As contaminated soils [7]. As concentrations in rice grains, husks, stalks, and roots are found to have a positive correlation with their levels in soil and irrigation water [9]. The rice grain accumulates considerably higher levels of inorganic As than other food grains [11].
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