Abstract
Water lily (Nymphaea antares) is one of the most valuable aquatic ornamental plants which has bright potential in the floriculture industry. It may be useful as an urban ecosystem and as a source of medicinal compounds. Due to its potential to become a new value-added product in the food industry, water lily (N. antares) was investigated in this study. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the nutritional content and antioxidant activity in water lily leaves and petioles with different pH extraction buffers. Water lily extract was obtained using three different pH extraction buffers, Tris buffer at pH 6.8, pH 7.1 and pH 7.8. The heat capacity of the extract was analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and different functional groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal denaturation of the leaves sample was detected at 81.84°C. The antioxidant enzymes activities including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the leaves and petioles of water lily. In leaves, PPO activity was found to be higher in samples with pH 7.1 of the extraction buffer while there were no significant differences for activities of CAT, POX and SOD in all samples. In petioles, PPO and POX activity were found to be higher in samples with pH 7.8 and 7.1 of extraction buffer, respectively. Thus, the study found that a pH range of 7 to 9 extraction buffers did not greatly affect most of the analysis performed.
Highlights
Native aquatic plants generally grow and adapt to a particular environment that is at least frequently filled with water, such as in a wetland, as these aquatic plants grow in permanently or seasonally wet environments (Knight et al, 2014)
The result is in accordance with the findings by Okoye et al (2002) who reported that the leaves of water hyacinth (Wichhornia crassipes) had the least moisture content of 85.15% while the petioles which are constantly in contact with water had the higher water content than leaves that is 91.78%
Since water lily is an aquatic plant, it is expected to contain more water than plants that grow on land
Summary
Native aquatic plants generally grow and adapt to a particular environment that is at least frequently filled with water, such as in a wetland, as these aquatic plants grow in permanently or seasonally wet environments (Knight et al, 2014). One of the species included in this group is water lily (Nymphaeceae) (Lacoul and Freedman, 2006). Water lily (Nymphaea antares) is one of the most valuable aquatic ornamental plants which have a bright potential in the floriculture industry (Pareek and Kumar, 2016). Water lily is an aquatic herb of genus Nymphaea, from family Nymphaeaceae (Chen et al, 2017), a precious perennial aquatic flower plant. Antioxidants are compounds that act as the first defence for our body against free radical damage and are vital in sustaining optimum health and well-being (Zainol et al, 2018). Antioxidant compounds act as a major function in our body due to favourable effects on our health (Dian-Nashiela et al, 2015). There are two groups of ROS that can be found that are oxygen-centred radical and oxygencentred non-radicals. Supporting enzymes that have often been used as biocatalysts to obtain target compounds from various plants could increase the efficiency of the extraction, yield and biological activities of polysaccharides (Karaki et al, 2016)
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