Effect of Periodontitis and Periodontal Treatment on Positive Acute Phase Proteins

Abstract

Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with the production of cytokines that can lead to local and systemic inflammatory responses. On the other hand, during systemic inflammation in the body, the levels of acute phase proteins (APPs) can change. APPs include positive and negative types, which in response to inflammatory conditions, the concentration of positive types increases and negative types decreases. Therefore, examining changes in APPs can be used as a marker during periodontitis and periodontal treatment. Objective The purpose of this review article was to investigate the effect of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on positive APPs. The distinguishing feature of this article is the investigation of the effect of periodontal disease and its treatment on positive APPs. In addition, the introduction of new positive APPs in the future can be used to conduct new studies. Methods In this study, the keywords periodontitis, acute phase proteins, periodontal debridement, and inflammation mediators in English were searched in Google Scholar and PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2022. Among the found articles, finally, 65 related articles were selected and reviewed. Results Periodontal treatment can reduce the levels of positive APPs increased during periodontitis. Conclusion Periodontitis as an inflammatory disease can lead to changes in the levels of positive APPs leading to an increase in the levels of these proteins. Periodontal treatment, which includes non-surgical treatment (the first step of periodontal treatment and the gold standard of this treatment is scaling above and below the gums and leveling the root surfaces to remove etiological factors) and, if necessary, surgical treatment can lead to the reduction of their levels.