Effect of Perforation Dyeing Technique on Color Difference, Colorfastness, and Basic Density of Living Red-Heart Chinese Fir

Yiying Wang,Shuai Ouyang,Xiangwen Deng,Wenhua Xiang,Zhihong Huang,Ruru Qu

doi:10.3390/f12121721

Yiying Wang, Shuai Ouyang + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121721

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Abstract

Red-heart Chinese fir is an excellent geographic provenance of Cunninghamia lanceolata, with high-value red heartwood. However, the formation of red heartwood is usually slow. To quickly cultivate red-heart Chinese fir, we studied perforation dyeing technology on living trees that were 7 years old and efficient in high-value red heartwood formation. Reactive dye (%), penetrant (%), KH2PO4 (%), and pH were selected as influencing factors, and an orthogonal test (L9(3)4) was used. The results showed that the total color difference between the experimental and CK groups ranged from 13.74 to 26.86 NBS, which was a significant visual perception (above 12 NBS). The total color difference before and after soaking in water for 6 h ranged from 2.30 to 5.12 NBS, which belonged to the detectable and identifiable value of the human eye (2~5 NBS). After the injection of the dye liquid, the wood basic density (WBD) was significantly affected after one year. After a comprehensive analysis of wood color difference, colorfastness, and WBD of the orthogonal test, the best dyeing process of juvenile red-heart Chinese fir was reactive dye: 0.8%, penetrant: 0.05%, KH2PO4: 0.3%, and pH: 3.5. The results of this study can provide a reference to improve the value of red-heart Chinese fir, a fast-cultivated, high-value decorative wood material.

Highlights

Wood is one of the most widely used of the four major materials, and its annual consumption is equivalent to the sum of the other three materials [1,2,3]
The basic density and fiber crystallization degree of red-heart fir are both greater than those of ordinary fir [8,9], and the price of its wood is approximately 20% higher than that of ordinary fir [10], so red-heart Chinese fir is deeply loved by farmers and consumers
The results showed that the liquid dyeing effect was better in the red-heart Chinese fir wood, and the wood color turned an obvious red

Summary

Introduction

Wood is one of the most widely used of the four major materials (steel, cement, wood, and plastic), and its annual consumption is equivalent to the sum of the other three materials [1,2,3]. Hook) is one of the most commercially important coniferous species, and is primarily distributed in southern China [6]. This conifer has produced many cultivars in large long-term production experiments. The wood of red-heart Chinese fir is considered a high-value decorative material [7]. The resources of red-heart Chinese fir are limited and cannot meet the demand for high-value decorative wood materials [11]. To increase the resources of red-heart Chinese fir and cultivate high-value decorative wood materials, artificial promotion of heartwood formation has become one of the methods of directional cultivation. The yield of red-heart Chinese fir can be improved. The natural texture of the wood is highlighted and emphasized, visual aesthetic characteristics are displayed [15], inherent defects of wood are masked, surface properties of wood are modified, and the apparent value of wood itself is improved [16]

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