Effect of PEI cathode interlayer on work function and interface resistance of ITO electrode in the inverted polymer solar cells

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the effect of PEI cathode interlayer on the work function and the interface resistance of ITO electrode in the inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PBDTTT-C-T:PC70BM. It is found that a very thin layer of PEI (⩽5.5nm), either linear PEI (l-PEI) or branched PEI (b-PEI) with different molecular weights, is enough to lower the work function of the ITO electrode and to enhance the photovoltaic performance of the devices. The champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices with the PEI cathode interlayer is 7.84%, more than doubled of that without the interlayer. However, a thicker PEI interlayer (⩾10nm) results in abrupt decrease of the PCEs due to the increase of the resistance. Interestingly, for the thicker interlayers, the l-PEI shows high photovoltaic performance than that of b-PEI, which can also be explained by their difference in the resistances. This work supplies an insight into the function of PEI cathode interlayer on improving the work function and resistance of ITO electrode in the inverted PSCs, and provides some instructions on the future design of interlayer materials in PSCs.