Abstract
A laboratory experiment was led to examine the lead bioaccumulation capacity of Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) exposed to various Pb concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The lead accumulation increased as the metal concentrations in the solution increased and over time, to an extreme accretion of 6840 mg/kg DW(dry weight) at 100 mg/L of lead on the 10 days exposure. The proportion removal efficiency, translocation factor, and bioconcentration factor of the plant were assessed. The maximum bioconcentration factor values (1981.13) indicate that the plant was a Pb hyperaccumulator, and translocation factor values (1.85), which are >1, indicate fit of L. stolonifera for eliminating Pb in Pb-contaminated water. Photosynthetic pigments were decreased with increase of Pb concentration and time exposure. Total chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio lowered to between 46 and 62% at 100 mg/L Pb after 10 days exposure. Protein content and soluble carbohydrate indicated a similar trend, which showed the highest decrease (7.26 and 36.2 mg/g FW(fresh weight), respectively) at 100 mg/L of Pb after 10 days. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate, and peroxidase was increased significantly in comparison to the control. The results indicate that L. stolonifera is a newly recognized Pb hyperaccumulator (6840 mg/kg DW), but physiological status indicates that the plant is not tolerant to high Pb concentrations.
Highlights
Toxic metals contamination in the river environment has converted a main reason of worry for some developing nations due to lack of mitigation measures and high cost of remediation
Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) has been shown in this study to have a high capacity for extracting Pb from the surrounding water, with bioconcentration factor (BCF) exceeding 1000
When a plant has the potential to bioconcentrate an element in its tissues, it is considered a strong accumulator of metals
Summary
Toxic metals contamination in the river environment has converted a main reason of worry for some developing nations due to lack of mitigation measures and high cost of remediation. Toxic metals may reach surface and groundwater streams through numerous transport routes after being introduced into the environment. Industrial effluents comprising toxic and hazardous wastes are dumped into the ecosystem in some locations, causing environmental harm [1,2]. Toxic metals are known to be non-biodegradable and to persist for a long time in both aquatic and terrestrial environments [3]. Lead (Pb), a hazardous metal extensively employed in industrial activity, is found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats [4,5]. Lead (Pb) accumulates in the human body and causes major issues. Pb has been linked to functional difficulties in the kidneys, joints, cardiovascular system, and reproductive system in humans. Pb is dangerous to plants in the same way that it is to humans
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