Abstract
The mobility of Cu alone and in the presence of Cd (compatible) and Pb (incompatible) was studied using laboratory columns packed with a 95 wt.% sand and 5 wt.% bentonite mixture. The liner material was subjected to one of four heavy metal solutions using a pressure head of 7 kPa: 2.0 cmol(+) Cu/L solution; 1.0 cmol(+) Cu and 1.0 cmol(+) Cd/L solution for a total of 2.0 cmol(+)/L solution; and 1.0 cmol(+) Cu and 1.0 cmol(+) Pb/L solution for a total of 2.0 cmol(+)/L solution. The effluents and the liner samples were analyzed for Cu, Pb, and Cd. The breakthrough curves indicated that Cd was the most mobile of the metal cations, whereas Pb was the least. Total metal adsorption was greatest for Cu with Pb, followed by that of Cu with Cd, and then that of Cu alone, showing that Cu is compatible with Cd but not Pb. The selective sequential extraction analysis indicated that most of the Cu was precipitated by the carbonate and hydroxide fractions.Key words: Cd, Pb, Cu, sand–bentonite liners, adsorption, leaching.
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