Effect of particle size on grain growth of Nd-Fe-B powders produced by gas atomization

Abstract

Gas atomized Nd-Fe-B powders of several compositions were separated in different size fractions by sieving. These fractions were annealed between 1100 °C and 1150 °C for 24 and 96 h. The oxygen content of the powders was measured before and after annealing for the different size fractions. The oxygen concentration of the powders depends strongly on the particle size and increases significantly during annealing, particularly in the case of small particle sizes. The effect of particle size on the microstructural changes was analyzed in detail, particularly on grain growth, using high resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron back scattering diffraction was used to measure grain size. When the particle size rises, the degree of sintering decreases and the higher solid/vapor surface area reduces the mobility of grain boundaries. Oxidation also reduces grain growth rate and its effect is more evident for particles sizes below 45–63 μm and high Nd concentrations. Nb addition leads to the formation of intra- and intergranular precipitates. The size of these Nb-Fe-containing precipitates increases with the particle size for equivalent annealing conditions. At 1150 °C, Nb loses its effect as an inhibitor of grain growth in the particle size fractions larger than 45–63 μm. • Grain size of gas atomized powders increases with particle size from 2 to 10 μm. • Intragranular Nb nanoprecipitation in gas atomized powders was confirmed. • Oxygen (0.1–0.23 wt.%) delays grain growth in small particles (<45–63 μm). • Porosity reduced the mobility of grain boundaries in large particles (>20–63 μm). • Nb loses its effect as inhibitor of grain growth in large particles (>45–63 μm).