Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium

Abstract

This review aimed to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontium. Original articles, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were analyzed. The search was carried out using the following keywords: orthodontic treatment, periodontium, gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment, impact of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium, and side effects of orthodontic treatment. Studies published between 1972 and May 2023 were extracted. In this literature review, side effects of orthodontic treatment on the tissues surrounding the periodontium were identified. Gingivitis, gingival contour hypertrophy, and gingival recession were the most common soft tissue changes that occurred during orthodontic treatment. The frequency of adverse events was dependent not only on the level of oral hygiene but also on the anatomical features of the dentoalveolar system, and careful history taking and adherence to treatment regimen by an orthodontist were assessed. Before starting medical manipulations, risk factors to predict complications and determine the sequence and scope of planned interventions must be assessed.