Effect of orlistat and aquatic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves in histopathological changes in kidney of albino rat

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of orlistat and rosemary extract on kidney tissue when combined with a high-fat diet, as well as the association between these treatments and body weight, blood lipid profile, and oxidative stress status in male rats. 42 rats weighing 170-200 grams were divided into seven groups, each consisting of six rats. The experiment lasted 20 weeks and was divided into two phases: a stage of induced obesity using high-fat food (fattened), which lasted from week 0 to week 12, except for the control group, which was fed a normal diet. The treatment period lasted from week 12 to week 20, with daily dosing, and the totals were distributed as follows: the first control group was dosed with distilled water alone, the second group was fed a high-fat diet only, the third group was given rosemary aqueous extract at a 10 ml/kg, the fourth group was given orlistat at a dose of 100 mg/kg, the fifth group was given orlistat at a dose of 200 mg/kg, and the sixth group was given orlistat at a dose of 100 mg/kg as well as extract. The seventh group received orlistat at a dose of 200 mg/kg and the extract. When compared to the high-fat diet and the rest of the groups, the weights of the animals increased significantly, as did the lipid profile like TC and LDL, TG, and VLDL in the blood, which were accompanied by decrease in the levels of glutathione and increase malondialdehyde. When given a high-fat diet and orlistat, histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed changes in the renal tissue, including glomerular atrophy, necrosis and cloudy swelling of epithelial cells lining renal tubules, whereas when given the extract with orlistat, these effects were reduced. We conclude that rosemary aqueous extract has preventive and therapeutic antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its improved effect on the histopathological changes induced by orlistat drug in kidney tissue, as well as its improving effect on the state of oxidative stress in the kidney tissue and the level of lipids profile in the blood, and its weight-loss efficacy.