Abstract
When clay rocks are heated, decomposition of organic substances is accompanied by liberation of H2, CO, and CO2, which creates the reducing character of the gas medium. Combustion of residual carbon takes place in the 250–500°C temperature region and is extremal in character due to diffusion of oxygen into the internal layers of the heat-treated material. To exclude a black core, holding in the 700–800°C region is recommended for completing combustion of oxygen and forming hollow articles with the minimum acceptable thickness of the external and internal walls.
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