Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of oral and maxillofacial trauma on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to determine the efficiency of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) as a diagnostic tool for detecting PTSD in patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries . Material and Methods: PTSD was assessed one month postoperatively by the diagnostic instrument, IES-R, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. A structured clinician-administered PTSD Scale then assessed the patients for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (CAPS-5) to establish a final diagnosis. The assessment of the severity of PTSD was done based on various types of oral and maxillofacial injuries. Results: The IES-R scale provisionally diagnosed 54 subjects with PTSD, out of which 42 were diagnosed to have PTSD by the CAPS-5 scale. Subjects with injuries involving the ‘orbital complex,’ those presenting with a perceptible scar in the maxillofacial region and with multiple avulsed/ luxated anterior teeth, showed a higher affinity to develop PTSD, and this was statistically significant . Conclusion: Higher levels of PTSD in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and hence the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard. The IES-R is a useful diagnostic tool to detect PTSD early.
Highlights
Maxillofacial deformity resulting from trauma can affect the facial skeleton, including the dentition and the covering of soft tissues
Higher levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard
Most of the injuries were due to road traffic accidents (RTA)
Summary
Maxillofacial deformity resulting from trauma can affect the facial skeleton, including the dentition and the covering of soft tissues. The deformities can be functional or aesthetic, resulting in severe psychological trauma with devastating consequences. Psychological complications associated with maxillofacial trauma is a common finding, they often go undetected [1]. Studies conducted in this regard have not adequately addressed the psychological effects due to trauma to the maxillofacial region [2]. It has been shown that patients treated by maxillofacial surgery exhibited higher levels of anxiety [3]. Depression, insomnia, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were exhibited by many patients after encountering maxillofacial trauma [1]
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