Abstract
BackgroundIncreased short-term blood pressure (BP) variability on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, very few studies have evaluated the effect of salt restriction on BP variability particularly in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salt restriction on systolic BP (SBP) variability.Methods and Results10 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and not receiving antihypertensive agents were enrolled in the study. After admission, all patients received a salt-restricted diet and appropriate anti-diabetic treatments and were followed up for 7 consecutive days using ABPM. After the 7-day treatment, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] coefficient of variation (CV) for diurnal SBP variability changed from day 1 to day 7–13.0 [10.8 to 16.8] % to 13.3 [9.1 to 18.9] % (P = 0.959)—and the median [IQR] change between days 1 and 7 was -0.3 [-3.2 to 2.9] %. In addition, CV for BP variability and circadian rhythm of BP varied greatly on a day-by-day basis for 7 days, compared to mean BP values. Interestingly, increased SBP variability was associated with greater day-by-day changes in circadian rhythm of BP.ConclusionsSalt restriction during 7-day hospitalization led to a -0.3 [-3.2 to 2.9] (median [IQR]) % change from baseline in CV for diurnal SBP variability in 10 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes not receiving antihypertensive agents.Trial RegistrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000016243
Highlights
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are highly likely to coexist and hypertension in diabetic patients constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]
This study aimed to investigate the effect of salt restriction on systolic blood pressure (BP) (SBP) variability
After the 7-day treatment, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] coefficient of variation (CV) for diurnal SBP variability changed from day 1 to day 7–13.0 [10.8 to 16.8] % to 13.3 [9.1 to 18.9] % (P = 0.959)—and the median [IQR] change between days 1 and 7 was -0.3 [-3.2 to 2.9] %
Summary
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are highly likely to coexist and hypertension in diabetic patients constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Increased short-term BP variability, as shown by the standard deviation (SD) of diurnal and nocturnal BP from ABPM, has been shown to be correlated with CVD [4,5]. This observation points to the need to control, visit-to-visit BP, and short-term BP variability. Increased short-term blood pressure (BP) variability on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salt restriction on systolic BP (SBP) variability
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