Abstract
Prebiotics, gut microbiota-fermentable substances, delay the development of type I diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides) on the antioxidant protection, lipid profile, and inflammatory activity of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The following markers were studied- malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), triacylglycerols, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar experimental rats by streptozotocin injection, while the non-diabetic controls were injected with saline. Afterward the oligosaccharides were administered orally to the experimental animals. The blood collected following the decapitation was analyzed by ELISA. A modified protocol was used only for measuring the FRAP values. The galacto-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides lowered the malondialdehyde levels in the diabetic rats (p<0.05). The galacto-oligosaccharides decreased the serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (p=0.01), while the xylo-oligosaccharides increased the FRAP (p<0.05) in the experimental animals. None of the oligosaccharides affected triacylglycerol and interleukin-6 concentrations, but the galacto-oligosaccharides decreased the TC and CRP levels in the diabetic animals. Both oligosaccharides exert a beneficial effect on the antioxidant protection of the diabetic rats, but have a minor effect on their lipid and inflammatory profiles.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from either insufficient production or defects in the secretion of the pancreatic hormone insulin [1]
When comparing the effects of OS1 and OS2 given to non-diabetic rats of nondiabetic group treated with OS1 (NDOS1) and NDOS2 groups we found that the MDA levels were 2-fold lower in OS2 versus the effect from OS1 administration ( p < 0.05) – Figure 1
When comparing the results of the experiments we conducted with the non-diabetic control groups, we found that the OS1 treated rats had a 9% higher serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration (NDOS1 group) than the rats treated with OS2 (NDOS2 group)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from either insufficient production or defects in the secretion of the pancreatic hormone insulin [1]. A number of human and animal studies have reported about specific prebiotic substrates that exert hypoglycemic effects and improve the health of type 1 diabetic patients. Prebiotics are substances that are selectively fermented by the gut microbiota and their products exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host [3]. Several studies have demonstrated that dietary fibers assist in maintaining microbiota homeostasis by exerting a beneficial effect on the intestinal permeability, delaying the development of type 1 diabetes [5,6,7]
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