Effect of Ocean Fluid Changes on Pressure on the Seafloor: Ocean Assimilation Data Analysis on Warm-Core Rings off the Southeastern Coast of Hokkaido, Japan on an Interannual Timescale

Takuya Hasegawa,Ryoichi Iwase,Keisuke Ariyoshi,Hiroyuki Matsumoto,Masahide Wakita,Akira Nagano,Toru Miyama

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.600930

Abstract

The relationship between sea surface height (SSH) and seawater density anomalies, which affects the pressure on the seafloor (PSF) anomalies off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, was analyzed using the eddy-resolving spatial resolution ocean assimilation data of the JCOPE2M for the period 2001–2018. On an interannual (i.e., year-to-year) timescale, positive SSH anomalies of nearly 0.1 m appeared off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, in 2007, associated with a warm-core ring (WCR), while stronger SSH anomalies (∼0.2 m) related to a stronger WCR occurred in 2016. The results show that the effects of such positive SSH anomalies on the PSF are almost canceled out by the effects of negative seawater density anomalies from the seafloor to the sea surface (SEP; steric effect on PSF) due to oceanic baroclinic structures related to the WCRs, especially in offshore regions with bottom depths greater than 1000 m. This means that oceanic isostasy is well established in deep offshore regions, compared with shallow coastal regions. To further verify the strength of the oceanic isostasy, oceanic isostasy anomalies (OIAs), which represent the barotropic component of SSH anomalies, are introduced and analyzed in this study. OIAs are defined as the sum of the SSH anomalies and SEP anomalies. Our results indicate that the effect of oceanic fluid changes due to SSH and seawater density anomalies (i.e., OIAs) on PSF changes cannot be neglected on an interannual timescale, although the amplitudes of the OIAs are nearly 10% of those of the SSH anomalies in the offshore regions. Therefore, to better estimate the interannual-scale PSF anomalies due to crustal deformation related to slow earthquakes including afterslips, long-term slow slip events, or plate convergence, the OIAs should be removed from the PSF anomalies.

Highlights

Along the eastern coast of Japan, ocean trenches such as the Japan Trench and Kuril Trench are found (Figure 1A)
We explored the relationship between the sea surface height (SSH) and sea water density anomalies (i.e., SEP anomalies), with a special reference to the warm-core ring (WCR) off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, on an interannual timescale from January 2001 to December 2018, using eddy-resolving ocean assimilation data of the JCOPE2M based on a continuously stratified numerical model
We show that positive SSH anomalies with amplitudes in the order of 0.1 m appeared off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, in the years 2007 and 2016 in association with WCRs

Summary

Introduction

Along the eastern coast of Japan, ocean trenches such as the Japan Trench and Kuril Trench are found (Figure 1A). Itoh et al (2019) reported that crustal deformation caused by the afterslip of the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake occurred for 7.5 years from 2003 to 2011, using inland Global Positioning System (GPS) data in Hokkaido, Japan, and pressure on the seafloor (PSF; see Table 1 for the abbreviations and corresponding full names and units of the variables used in this study) data obtained off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan. They showed that the crustal deformation increased by approximately 2 × 10–1 m (i.e., 2 × 10–1 dbar) from 2003 to 2011.

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Conclusion