Effect of Nutritional Regulation on Adipokines in Obesity: A Review

Abstract

Childhood obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and it increases the risk of developing severe obesity, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and respiratory disease in adulthood. Low grade inflammation has been identified as a key factor in development of obesity. In obesity, the expanding adipose tissue makes a substantial contribution to the development of obesity-linked inflammation via dysregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adipokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin. The macronutrient composition of the diet regulates the overall body weight and metabolism and caloric intake is one of the major contributors to obesity, where certain kinds of diet (pro-inflammatory) can promote obesity, and other kinds (anti-inflammatory) can reduce it. Lifestyle interventions like caloric restriction and increases in physical activity can lead to weight control which induce attenuation of obesity-induced inflammatory responses, which is a risk factor for obesity related chronic diseases, along with a decrease in fat mass in obesity.