Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of nutrient formulations on the permeation of proteins and lipids through porcine intestine in vitro . Method: In vitro permeation studies of proteins and lipids of two peptide-based formulations, composed of various compounds and sources of hydrolyzed protein was carried out, and compared with a conservative polymeric formulation as control, The test was undertaken using Franz diffusion cell apparatus incorporating porcine intestine. Results: The peptide-based formulation demonstrated higher protein absorption than the conservative polymeric one. However, there were some differences in protein absorption rates between the peptide based formulations obtained from various sources. Formulation A with 1.0 and 1.5 kcal/mL exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher cumulative protein permeation (11.97 ± 0.23 and 12.54 ± 0.94 μg/cm 2 ) than formulations B (9.41 ± 0.36 and 9.67 ± 0.35 μg/cm 2 ) and C (8.34 ± 0.56 and 8.61 ± 0.71 μg/cm 2 ), respectively. Lipid permeation from formulations A and B (13.91 ± 0.26 and 12.94 ± 0.59 μg/cm 2 respectively for 1.0 kcal/mL formulation, and 13.31 ± 0.21 and 12.86 ± 0.16 for 1.5 kcal/mL formulation) which consist mainly of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), were significantly (p <0.05) higher than those from formulation C (11.49 ± 0.43 and 12.62 ± 0.38 μg/cm 2 for 1.0 and 1.5 kcal/mL formulation, respectively) which mostly contained long chain triglycerides (LCTs). Conclusion: The results reveal that oligomeric formulations have higher absorption rate than polymeric formulations. However, the outcomes when administered to clinically ill patients need to be investigated. Keywords: Nutrient Formulations, Permeation, Proteins, Lipids, Porcine Intestine, Medium Chain Triglycerides, Long Chain Triglycerides
Highlights
Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor influencing the occurrence of clinical complications in clinically ill patients [1,2,3]
Nutritional support is an essential component in the clinical management of critically ill patients, when the illness is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complication [4]
The results revealed that the permeation of proteins from the same nutrient formulations with caloric values of 1.0 kcal/mL and 1.5 kcal/mL were not significant difference in all of the tested formulations
Summary
Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor influencing the occurrence of clinical complications in clinically ill patients [1,2,3]. Nutritional support is an essential component in the clinical management of critically ill patients, when the illness is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complication [4]. The cellular proliferation of brush border enzyme can be maintained by enteral feeding. Enteral nutrition (EN) formulations can be classified as elemental, semi-elemental and polymeric. Many studies have confirmed the higher absorption of semi-elemental over elemental and polymeric [10]. Peptide-based or protein hydrolysates formulae contain proteins that have been hydrolyzed and are referred to as semi-elemental diets [11]. Compared with free amino acids (FAA) or intact-protein formulations, peptide-based feedings have been displayed to improve nitrogen balance; improve protein synthesis; improve absorption; reduce diarrhea; maintain gut integrity; and improve outcomes [12]
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