Effect of Nursing Intervention Guided by PRECEDE Model on Knowledge and Practice of Preventive Behavior of High-Risk Pregnant Women regarding Preeclampsia

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia during pregnancy is considered one of the major obstetrical problems in developing countries that cause maternal mortality and preterm birth throughout the world. Aim: To evaluate the effect of nursing intervention guided by PRECEDE model on knowledge and practice of preventive behavior of high-risk pregnant women regarding preeclampsia. Subjects and method: Design: Quasi-experimental research design pre-post-test was utilized in this research. Settings: The study was applied in the antenatal outpatient clinics at Tanta and Sohag University Hospitals. Sample: A purposive sample of 120 high-risk pregnant women was recruited from the selected settings. Tools: Four tools were used: (1) Structured interviewing questionnaire, (2) Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Questionnaire (PRECEDE model questionnaire), (3) Pregnant women’s reported practices of preeclampsia preventive behavior tool and (4) Pregnant women attitude questionnaire regarding preeclampsia prevention. Results: Mean score of knowledge, enabling factors and reinforcing factors have been increased with statistical significance immediately and after one month of nursing intervention implementation. Pregnant women had good practices toward preeclampsia preventive measures one-month post-intervention in comparison to the pre-intervention implementation. Pregnant women had a positive attitude toward preeclampsia preventive measures one-month post- intervention in comparison to the pre-intervention implementation. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, enabling, reinforcing factors score and practices scores of preeclampsia preventive measures throughout the intervention phases. Conclusion: It was concluded that implementing nursing intervention guided by PRECEDE model in high-risk pregnant women was effective in improving knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of preeclampsia. Recommendation: The nursing intervention guided by PRECEDE model regarding preeclampsia prevention should be integrated into the antenatal care for pregnant women in the study setting. Replication of the current study on a larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalizability.