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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel bioactive glass (BAG)-containing dentin adhesive on the permeability of demineralized dentin. Bioactive glass (85% SiO2, 15% CaO) was fabricated using the sol-gel process, and two experimental dentin adhesives were prepared with 3 wt% silica (silica-containing dentin adhesive; SCA) or BAG (BAG-containing dentin adhesive; BCA). Micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) test, fracture mode analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis of adhesive and demineralized dentin, real-time dentinal fluid flow (DFF) rate measurement, and Raman confocal microscopy were performed to compare SCA and BCA. There was no difference in μTBS between the SCA and BCA (p > 0.05). Multiple precipitates were evident on the surface of the BCA, and partial occlusion of dentinal tubules was observed in FE-SEM of BCA-approximated dentin. The DFF rate was reduced by 50.10% after BCA approximation and increased by 6.54% after SCA approximation. Raman confocal spectroscopy revealed an increased intensity of the hydroxyapatite (HA) peak on the dentin surface after BCA application. The novel BAG-containing dentin adhesive showed the potential of both reducing dentin permeability and dentin remineralization.
Highlights
The demineralization of dentin is usually caused by organic acids from oral bacteria or acid etching during an adhesive procedure, which results in the destruction of the dentin matrix [1]
According to the results of the μTBS test, those of the silica-containing adhesive (SCA) and BAG-containing adhesive (BCA) groups were not significantly different in both the immediate and acceleratedaged modes. These results indicate that the incorporation of bioactive glass (BAG) into the adhesive did not adversely affect the adhesion performance, which is consistent with the results of a previous study [27]
Because this study only investigated phosphate peaks to identify the formation of HA crystals, it was not possible to evaluate the quality of dentin remineralization
Summary
The demineralization of dentin is usually caused by organic acids from oral bacteria or acid etching during an adhesive procedure, which results in the destruction of the dentin matrix [1]. Once demineralized collagen fibers are exposed, they may be degraded by endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from the dentin that is activated by etching [2]. To remineralize dentin and prevent collagen degradation, various agents such as fluoride, sodium trimetaphosphate, zinc oxide, titanium nanoparticles, chlorhexidine, and benzalkonium chloride have been incorporated into dentin adhesives [4,5,6,7]. Biomaterials such as tricalcium phosphate and tricalcium silicates have been suggested as additives to restorative materials to help prevent the demineralization cascade and subsequent collagen degradation [8,9]
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