Abstract
Background In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level ofsalivary antioxidantsin patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Methods Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of -80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer. Results The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001). Conclusion The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition which occurs as a result of the complex interaction between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and host immune system, leading to the destruction of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone with the subsequent pocket formation and gingival recession or both.[1,2] The excessive response of the host to the bacteria results in the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, osteoclastogenic factors and proinflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for the majority of tissue destruction.[3,4,5] One of the consequences of tissue damage is an increase in the number and activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) residing in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the subsequent release of their products.[5]
This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis
The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis
Summary
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition which occurs as a result of the complex interaction between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and host immune system, leading to the destruction of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone with the subsequent pocket formation and gingival recession or both.[1,2] The excessive response of the host to the bacteria results in the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, osteoclastogenic factors and proinflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for the majority of tissue destruction.[3,4,5] One of the consequences of tissue damage is an increase in the number and activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) residing in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the subsequent release of their products.[5] Oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species; ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) are some of these noxious substances produced by different cells. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis
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