Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of Interleukin-35 in patients with periodontitis

Abstract

ObjectiveInterleukin (IL)-35 is a comparatively novel immunosuppressive cytokine produced by T-regulatory cells, the purpose of which in periodontal well being and disease still eludes the researchers. This study intends to measure and compare the levels of IL-35 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) taken from periodontitis patients before and at first, second and third week post non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methodologyology: Twenty patients having generalized chronic periodontitis (mean age of 36.25 ± 5.12 years) with moderate to severe disease were assessed clinically for the following parameters: plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. GCF samples were collected from deepest pockets before performing a full mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy. GCF samples were again collected at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week after non-surgical periodontal therapy and, IL-35 levels in the GCF samples were measured using an ELISA kit. ResultsAll the clinical parameters improved significantly over time from baseline to 3rd week. The results for plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth were highly significant (p < 0.001) and significant (p < 0.05) for clinical attachment loss. The IL-35 concentration in GCF increased post periodontal therapy from baseline till third week and results were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) was found between clinical parameters and IL-35 levels. ConclusionsWith the healing of the previously diseased periodontal tissues, the levels of IL-35 in GCF increases significantly. Therefore, IL-35 can be considered as potential inflammatory marker of periodontal health and disease.