Abstract
Recent studies of retinal damage due to ultrashort laser pulses have shown interesting behavior. Laser thresholds for retinal damage from ultrashort (i.e. <EQ 1 ns) laser pulses are produced at lower energies than in the nanosecond (ns) to microsecond (microsecond(s) ) laser pulse regime. We examine how nonlinear optical phenomena affect the characteristics of light impinging the retina and hence, changes the minimum energy required to produce damage. Nonlinear optical phenomena which occur in homogeneous materials like the ocular media include self-focusing, stimulated Brillouin scattering, supercontinuum generation, laser induced breakdown, and nonlinear absorption. We will discuss all relevant thresholds and determine which nonlinear optical phenomena play a role in mediating the reduction in energy required to produce minimum visible lesion damage to the retina.
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