Abstract
Recently discovered interleukin 29 (IL-29) has antiviral properties and its production is induced by herpes viruses. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on IL-29 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. A total of 60 participants were divided into healthy group (group 1;n= 20), chronic periodontitis group (group 2;n= 20), and aggressive periodontitis group (group 3;n= 20). GCF samples collected from each subject at baseline and 6–8 weeks after scaling and root planing were quantified for IL-29 levels using ELISA. The mean IL-29 concentration in GCF was found to be highest in group 3 (92.37 pg/μl). The mean IL-29 level in group 1 and group 2 was 36.88 pg/μl and 69.35 pg/μl respectively. After scaling and root planing, the mean concentration of IL-29 in GCF was increased to 85.99 pg/μl in group 2 and to 114.64 pg/μl in group 3. Results of the present study indicate that antiviral IL-29 level was highest in GCF of aggressive periodontitis patients and least in subjects with healthy periodontium, while that of chronic periodontitis lying in between. After non-surgical periodontal therapy, IL-29 levels increased both in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and deserve further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in treating periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a group of inflammatory disorders, primarily initiated by a chronic bacterial infection [20] and interrelated to the host response to those accumulations characterized by connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction [22,27]
Contributing inflammatory mediators and tissue destructive molecules have been detected in the gingival tissues, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of patients affected by periodontitis
A total of 60 subjects (n = 60; 31 men and 29 women; age range: 21–42 years) were divided into three groups., viz, Group 1 consisting of healthy subjects and Group 2 consisting of chronic generalized periodontitis patients and Group 3 consisting of generalized aggressive periodontitis patients
Summary
Periodontal disease is a group of inflammatory disorders, primarily initiated by a chronic bacterial infection [20] and interrelated to the host response to those accumulations characterized by connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction [22,27]. A small group of predominantly gram-negative anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria within the biofilm are often associated with disease initiation and progression. Host reactions to these pathogens result in the production of inflammatory mediators by cells like neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, mast cells and fibroblasts. Flammatory cytokines like Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and prostaglandins (PGE2) can promote extracellular matrix destruction by matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in the periodontium and stimulate bone resorption [3,23]. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of these biomarkers could have diagnostic and therapeutic significance [18,22]
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