Effect of Nitrogen Oxides on Shortwave Solar Radiation in Atmosphere for Selected Iraqi Stations

Abstract

It is known that the incoming solar radiation is subject to interaction with the components of the Earth’s atmosphere. This reaction is expressed by the mechanisms of absorption, scattering and reflection. The occurrence of each mechanism depends on the size of the particles in relation to the wavelength of the incoming radiation. The study of the interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric components, including aerosols, has attracted long scientific interest; this interaction is associated with climate change issues. Among the components in the atmosphere, attention was paid to human-derived nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere, as it was found that anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in its interaction with incoming solar radiation. For this reason, the behavior Nitrogen Oxides gas has been studied with the elements of solar radiation to know the effect of Nitrogen Oxides gas on shortwave solar radiation (Surface net solar radiation (SSR) Surface net solar radiation, clear sky (SSRC) Surface solar radiation downwards (SSRD) TOA incident solar radiation (TISR) Top net solar radiation (TSR)) by using data the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as the monthly mean at the time (12:00 pm) for ten years (2009 - 2018) over selected stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Basra).