Abstract
N+-bombarded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N+-bombarded MWCNTs), with different nitrogen atomic percentages, were achieved by different N ion beam currents using ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) on MWCNTs synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Characterizations of N+-bombarded MWCNTs were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle. For comparison, the in vitro cytocompatibility of the N+-bombarded MWCNTs with different N atomic percentages was assessed by cellular adhesion investigation using human endothelial cells (EAHY926) and mouse fibroblast cells (L929), respectively. The results showed that the presence of nitrogen in MWCNTs accelerated cell growth and proliferation of cell culture. The higher nitrogen content of N+-bombarded MWCNTs, the better cytocompatibility. In addition, N+-bombarded MWCNTs with higher N atomic percentage displayed lower platelet adhesion rate. No hemolysis can be observed on the surfaces. These results proved that higher N atomic percentage led N+-bombarded MWCNTs to better hemocompatibility.
Highlights
The last decade has seen a great deal of activity in the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to augment the properties of a variety of materials, including biomaterials [1]
N ion beams at ion beam currents of 5, 10, and 15 mA and a constant bombarding energy of 200 eV were respectively accelerated to bombard N+ ion-bombarded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for 30 min to get three N atomic percentages of N+-bombarded MWCNT samples
We suppose that the binding between N+ and MWCNTs is not stable
Summary
The last decade has seen a great deal of activity in the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to augment the properties of a variety of materials, including biomaterials [1]. The weakness of raw CNTs is their super-hydrophobicity. They can aggregate in aqueous media as well as in organic solvents, which strictly restricts their application in biomedical fields because a hydrophilic interface is in favor of enhancing bioactivity [3]. Numerous studies in biomaterial development indicated the functionalized water-soluble CNTs to improve cell attachment and graphene which was found to result in favorable effects on their biocompatibility in our previous works [13,14,15,16]
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