Abstract
BackgroundNicotine exposure has been reported to modify bone cell function and the osseous metabolism with potential effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.ObjectivesTo systematically investigate and quantitively synthesize the most recent available evidence from animal studies regarding the effect of nicotine exposure on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Search methodsUnrestricted searches in 7 databases and hand searching were performed until July 2020 (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global).Selection criteriaWe searched for controlled studies on healthy animals investigating the effect of nicotine on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Data collection and analysisFollowing study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. Exploratory synthesis and meta-regression were carried out using the random effects model.ResultsFrom the initially identified records, 5 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and no specific concerns regarding bias were identified. Quantitative data synthesis showed that the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in the nicotine exposed rats was higher than in the control group animals (2 weeks of force application; 0.317 mm more movement in nicotine exposed rats; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.179–0.454; p = 0.000). No effect of the concentration or the duration force application was demonstrated following exploratory meta-regression.ConclusionRats administered with nicotine showed accelerated rates of orthodontic tooth movement. Although, information from animal studies cannot be fully translated to human clinical scenarios, safe practice would suggest that the orthodontist should be able to identify patients exposed to nicotine and consider the possible implications for everyday clinical practice.
Highlights
Despite recent declines, tobacco consumption globally remains considerable
Information from animal studies cannot be fully translated to human clinical scenarios, safe practice would suggest that the orthodontist should be able to identify patients exposed to nicotine and consider the possible implications for everyday clinical practice
We looked for prospective controlled studies evaluating the rate of tooth movement in animals exposed to nicotine in comparison to non-exposed animals
Summary
Tobacco consumption globally remains considerable. According to the World Health Organization, 1.3 billion people consume tobacco in some form or the other and one quarter of the global population aged older than 15 years are current users of tobacco. Even among adolescents aged 13–15, at least 43 million use some form of tobacco [1]. Tobacco smoke has been reported to contain more than 4000 substances with important negative consequences for human health. Tobacco use is considered to be a major risk factor for pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, over 20 different types or subtypes of cancer, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and many other life-threatening health conditions resulting in more than 8 million deaths every year [1,2,3,4,5]. All forms of tobacco consumption and most importantly cigarette smoking have been implicated in changes to the oral mucosa leading to epithelial malignancy and to periodontitis and increased tooth loss [6,7,8]. Nicotine exposure has been reported to modify bone cell function and the osseous metabolism with potential effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
