Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation During Walking on Pain Sensitivity in Women With Obesity With Knee Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which pain sensitivity is altered in women with obesity with frequent knee symptoms who walk with either a hybrid training system (HTS) that provides antagonist muscle electrical stimulation vs sensory transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). DesignRandomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. SettingUniversity-based fitness center. ParticipantsTwenty-eight women (N=28) with obesity, aged 40-70 years, with daily knee symptoms. InterventionsParticipants were randomized to 12 weeks of biweekly 30-minute walking exercise with either HTS (HTSW group) or sensory TENS (control group). Main Outcome MeasuresPressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at the more symptomatic knee (local PPT) and PPT at the ipsilateral pain-free wrist (remote PPT). ResultsAfter adjustment for preintervention values and body mass index (BMI), there was a statistically significant improvement in local PPT in the HTSW group compared with the control group (P=.039). After adjustment for pretraining value, age, and BMI, changes in remote PPT when comparing groups did not reach statistical significance, although the HTS group tended to demonstrate increased remote PPT (P=.052) compared with the control group. Moreover, after adjustment for pretraining value, knee pain, and quality of life, comparing groups did not reach statistical significance, although the HTS group tended to demonstrate decreased knee pain (P=.069) compared with the control group. ConclusionsAugmentation of walking exercise with HTS was more effective than application of sensory TENS in improving local pain sensitivity at the knee but not at the wrist in women with obesity with frequent knee symptoms.