Abstract
The white Nelumbo nucifera petals aqueous extraction (NAE) was prominent in phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and enhanced rat sperm viability induced by FeSO4, a heavy metal. Mancozeb (MZ) contains heavy metals and is widely used for fungal control in agriculture and industry. It induces oxidative stress and causes of spermatogenesis and reproductive organs’ abnormalities in both humans and animals. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of white Nelumbo nucifera petals aqueous extraction (WNAE) on sperm quality in cattle sperm induced by MZ. Moreover, this study investigated phytochemical compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A protein profile related to sperm quality with SDS-page and sperm energy preservation for each treatment was determined. The results found nine phytochemical compounds, in which quercetin-3-O-arabinoglycoside was a major flavonoid that was found in the WNAE. MZ induced free radicals in cells, leading to LPO and protein oxidation, while decreasing sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and normal sperm morphology. The cattle sperm found four proteins related to sperm quality including MWs of 17, 31, 34, and 55 kDa. The WNAE effectively increased energy preservation, sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and normal sperm morphology. The WNAE enhanced sperm qualities by reducing oxidative stress. It might be suggested that WNAE has benefits for sperm preservation which may be used to guard against toxicity in animals or humans exposed to MZ contaminants.
Highlights
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (N. nucifera), called “Bualuang” in Thai, is an aquatic perennial flowering plant, of the Nelumbonaceae family, which is known as sacred lotus, Indian lotus, bean of India, and Chinese water lily, and can be found mainly in Asia [1]
Identification of Inhibitory Concentration 20 (IC20) The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay of cattle sperm was used for the IC20 value of the white Nelumbo nucifera petals aqueous extraction (WNAE), MZ, and Vitamin E (Vit E) evaluation
The results of lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentration were shown significantly increased in the sperm treated with MZ when compared to the control group, while the sperm co-administrated with 0.11 and 0.22 μg/mL of WNAE and MZ, and co-administrated with Vit E and MZ groups were significantly lower than the MZ-treated group and similar to the level measured in the control
Summary
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (N. nucifera), called “Bualuang” in Thai, is an aquatic perennial flowering plant, of the Nelumbonaceae family, which is known as sacred lotus, Indian lotus, bean of India, and Chinese water lily, and can be found mainly in Asia [1]. (N. nucifera), called “Bualuang” in Thai, is an aquatic perennial flowering plant, of the Nelumbonaceae family, which is known as sacred lotus, Indian lotus, bean of India, and Chinese water lily, and can be found mainly in Asia [1]. Various parts of N. nucifera have been used in traditional medicine [2]. The red N. nucifera flower has been reported to be a famous perennial aquatic herb [3] and the red long flower’s stamen was recognized as a traditional drug by the National List of Essential Medicines, Thailand [4]. Due to the high economic demand for stamens, the lotus petals become agricultural waste. The phytochemical study using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method found that the petals of N. nucifera contained phytochemical components, including quercetin, gallic acid, catechin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, as well as the white N. nucifera petals aqueous extraction (NAE) which had enhanced rat sperm viability, more phytochemical and antioxidant activity properties than red NAE [5]. There are no reports of white NAE for use against mancozeb (MZ) toxicity
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