Abstract
Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different doses of Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) leaf extract on hematological and histological changes in kidney and liver of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila.Materials and Methods:Catfish were experimentally infected with A. hydrophila at a dose of 108 cells/mL through intraperitoneal injection, and the hematological and histological changes in the kidney and liver of catfish against the pathogen were observed.Results:Not all concentrations of N. subdita caused a toxic effect in striped catfish. The clinical symptoms of catfish after infection with A. hydrophila and treatment with N. subdita leaf extract included morphological and behavioral changes. N. subdita leaf extract reduced mortality caused by A. hydrophila. Treatment with N. subdita leaf extract was effective in reducing the inflammation by decreasing the activity of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. The Hb and Ht levels of catfish significantly decreased after exposure to 108 cells/mL of A. hydrophila and increased significantly after N. subdita treatment. Necrosis percentages in the kidney and liver also decrease after N. subdita treatment.Conclusion:The results indicate that N. subdita leaf extract stimulates the immunity and increases the resistance of catfish to A. hydrophila. N. subdita leaf extract may be used as a potential source for future drug development and food applications.
Highlights
Fish farming in Indonesia, especially in South Kalimantan, is growing rapidly as a result of the increasing demand for fish
The results indicate that N. subdita leaf extract stimulates the immunity and increases the resistance of catfish to A. hydrophila
N. subdita leaf extract may be used as a potential source for future drug development and food applications
Summary
Fish farming in Indonesia, especially in South Kalimantan, is growing rapidly as a result of the increasing demand for fish. Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) are a popular freshwater fish that are cultivated under marginal conditions. Intensive aquaculture with high stocking capacity can cause a decrease in environmental quality, making fish susceptible to diseases [1]. Fish experiencing diseases and stress due to environmental degradation die quickly by a lack of oxygen. Environmental degradation allows the development and growth of pathogenic organisms [2,3,4]. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria are a severe problem in fish farming. Motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) or red spot disease is an infectious disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and often occurs in carp, catfish, and tilapia.
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