Effect of Naturally Occurring Biogenic Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC): an In Vitro Study.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cell viability and cell differentiation potential together with the anti-inflammatory potential of coral (Now Foods Calcium Carbonate Powder, HerbsPro, India) and Biodentine™ (Septodont, St-Maur-des-Fosses, Cedex, France) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC). Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) were segregated and cultured from the dental pulp of healthy teeth undergoing therapeutic extraction. For assessing cell proliferation potential of coral and Biodentine, the agents were taken at a concentration (800, 400, 200, 100, 50 μg/mL) and for cell differentiation potential a concentration of 400 μg/mL respectively. MTT assay was utilized to evaluate proliferation, while differentiation was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. The anti-inflammatory potential of Biodentine and coral was likewise evaluated using gelatin zymography by detecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 matrixin. The highest cell proliferation for coral and Biodentine was observed at 200 μg/mL (108.82 ± 2.09% and 107.32 ± 1.04%, respectively), which was statistically significant (p = 0.043), while cell differentiation potential at 400 μg/mL was 127.70 ± 4.26% for coral and 142.96 ± 4.06% for Biodentine. However, anti-inflammatory activity against MMP-2 seen with coral was 68 ± 1.14% and 85.0 ± 3.05 for Biodentine, while against MMP-9 was 30 ± 1.69 for coral and 65 ± 2.74 for Biodentine. Coral has comparable potential to enhance proliferation and differentiation of hDPSC into the functional and utilitarian cells like odontoblasts or osteoblast and to harbor anti-inflammatory activity similar to Biodentine.