Effect of Native Soap on Insect Pests and Grain Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) in Asaba and Abraka during the Late Cropping Season in Delta State, Nigeria

E C Enujeke,E O Egho

doi:10.5539/sar.v1n2p275

Abstract

Studies were conducted to test the effectiveness of native soap against cowpea insect pests during the late cowpea cropping season in two agro-ecological zones-Asaba and Abraka, Delta State. Four major insect pests, namely the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, the legume flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Tryb, the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab and pod sucking bugs were studied. The experiment was made up of five treatments-1, 2 and 3 percent concentrations of native soap, cypermethrin (as conventional chemical and check) and a control. Each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment was arranged into a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that all the major insect pests occurred in the study areas but were more at Asaba compared to Abraka. Native soap was effective against A. craccivora and flower bud thrips population at Asaba. Maruca vitrata was not affected by soap application. Grain yield was high at Abraka and significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than Asaba. The use of native soap as non-conventional insecticide in cowpea insect pests management appears promising, more so as it is not expensive and safe to handle. Farmers may prefer it to synthetic chemical pesticides with their associated dangers.

Highlights

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) (Walp) is a major food crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world
The results showed that all the major insect pests occurred in the study areas but were more at Asaba compared to Abraka
All the major insect pests were observed on cowpea during the late cropping season at both locations

Summary

Introduction

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) (Walp) is a major food crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is well grown in Nigeria, mainly in the Sudan savannah belts (Rachie, 1985). The crop serves various purposes to man-as protein, derived from the grains (IITA, 1984); it is rich in vitamins, mineral salts and fats. It is important as fibre crop (Rachie, 1985) in erosion control (Okigbo, 1978) and livestock industries (Job et al, 1983). All factors that have adverse effect on its growth are being carefully studied

Methods

Results

Conclusion