Abstract
A novel kind of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced polyvinyl butyral (PVB) nanofibers-containing bilayer hydrogel system was successfully fabricated via the combination of a one-step, in-situ, free radical polymerization and electrospinning. The hydrogel owned high mechanical strength, thermoresponsive, and near infrared bending/unbending properties. The cross-linking density of hydrogels enhanced along with the increase of NFC content. The addition of NFC and PVB nanofibers presented tiny influence on the variation of chemical bond and volume phase transition temperature. The combination between NFC and PVB nanofibers enhanced the mechanical strength and decreased the strain value, which built the base for high bonding strength of two layers and efficient thermoresponsive and near infrared responses. With the increase of NFC content, the bending degree became smaller. The bilayer hydrogel dimensions affected the deformation degree. Bilayer hydrogels with different NFC content own different deformation abilities, which can be designed as different parts of soft actuators and provide superior performance to satisfy various practical application demands.
Highlights
Attributed to the three-dimensional polymeric networks and remarkable capacity to absorb water, hydrogels have attracted significant attention and have been applied in medical science, technology, and soft material fields [1,2,3,4]
Based on a temperature-responsive hydrogel, the photoresponsive hydrogel is fabricated by the addition of gold nanorods, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide [10,11,12], and so on to convert light into heat, which resulted in the size and shape change of hydrogel
By regulating the nanofibrillated cellulose content, we fabricated a series of polyvinyl butyral-containing bilayer hydrogel system with temperature and near infrared responses via a one-step, in-situ, free radical polymerization and electrospinning
Summary
Attributed to the three-dimensional polymeric networks and remarkable capacity to absorb water, hydrogels have attracted significant attention and have been applied in medical science, technology, and soft material fields [1,2,3,4]. In order to achieve the smart bending properties, some kind of bilayer structure consisting of a temperature and photoresponse hydrogel layer and a nonresponsive layer are fabricated via in-situ, free radical polymerization. Fabricated a double-layered temperature-controlled hydrogel with relative high responsive bending and elastic properties via a two-step photopolymerization This kind of hydrogel can be treated as a temperature-controlled manipulator for various applications including encapsulation, capture, and transportation of targeted objects. By regulating the nanofibrillated cellulose content, we fabricated a series of polyvinyl butyral-containing bilayer hydrogel system with temperature and near infrared responses via a one-step, in-situ, free radical polymerization and electrospinning. The bilayer hydrogel with different strength and bending degree can be treated as a kind of smart material for soft actuators and robots driven by temperature and near infrared laser
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