Effect of nanoclay and macroinitiator on the kinetics of atom transfer radical homo- and copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate initiated with CCl 3-terminated poly (vinyl acetate) macroinitiator

Abstract

Effect of nanoclay on the kinetics of atom transfer radical bulk homo- and copolymerization of styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated with CCl 3-terminated poly (vinyl acetate) macroinitiator at 90 °C was investigated. CuCl/PMDETA was used as a catalyst system. Results showed that nanoclay significantly enhances the homopolymerization rate of MMA. It was attributed to the activated conjugated C C bond of MMA monomer via interaction between the carbonyl group of MMA monomer and the hydroxyl moiety (Al O H) of nanoclay as well as to the effect of nanoclay on the dynamic equilibrium between the active (macro)radicals and dormant species. Homopolymerization rate of St (a noncoordinative monomer with nanoclay) decreased slightly in the presence of nanoclay. It could be explained by inserting of a portion of macroinitiator into the clay galleries, where no sufficient St monomer exists due to the low compatibility or interaction of St monomer with nanoclay to react with the macroinitiator. Controlled/living characteristic of all the reactions were confirmed by GPC results. More reliable reactivity ratios of the St and MMA in the presence of nanoclay were calculated by using the cumulative average copolymer composition at the moderate to high conversion to be r St = 0.290 ± 0.082, r MMA = 0.443 ± 0.093 (extended Kelen–Tudos method) and r St = 0.293 ± 0.071, r MMA = 0.447 ± 0.080 (Mao–Huglin method). Results indicated that the rate of incorporation of MMA comonomer into the copolymer increases in the presence of nanoclay, verifying the existence of interaction between the carbonyl group of MMA comonomer and the hydroxyl moiety of nanoclay. It was found that in the presence of nanoclay, tendency of the random copolymerization of St and MMA toward an alternating copolymerization increases.