Abstract
In view of the relatively low efficiency of intumescent flame retardants compared to that of traditional flame retardants, nano-aluminum hydroxide (nano-ATH) was added to polypropylene (PP), along with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dipentaerythritol (DPER), to prepare intumescent flame retarded polypropylene (IFR-PP). The effect of nano-ATH on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the IFR-PP was investigated. The mechanical properties of the IFR-PP were enhanced by the partial replacement of APP with nano-ATH. The results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test and cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the flame retardancy of the IFR-PP was optimized when 2wt.% APP was replaced by the nano-ATH. In this case, the LOI value of the IFR-PP increased from 26.6% to 31.2% and the sample passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased by 56%. Investigation of the char residues from the cone calorimetry tests indicated that the incorporation of the nano-ATH contributed to the formation of a more intact and homogeneous char during combustion. Based on these results, the flame retardant mechanism was proposed.
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