Abstract
Purpose: To study the influence of naloxone hydrochloride on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
 Methods: Three groups of rats were used: normal control, TBI, and TBI + naloxone hydrochloride groups (12 rats/group). In the control group, only the osseous foramen was opened. Rats in TBI group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, while the naloxone group received naloxone hydrochloride injection at the same time. Changes in peripheral blood β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL-2, and S100-B levels; and brain tissue MMP-9 were assessed.
 Results: The levels of β-EP in the TBI- and naloxone-treated rats were higher than control values, while levels of CD4+ in TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower than those of control group (p < 0.01). At every time point, CD8+ level in naloxone group was significantly lower than that in TBI group (p < 0.01). Compared with control group, the levels of IL-2 in the TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower. Higher levels of S100-B were seen in TBI- and naloxone-treated rats, relative to control value. In the naloxone group, MMP-9 expression was downregulated, when compared to the expression TBI rats (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Naloxone hydrochloride reduces β-EP, alleviates inflammation, protects nerve cells and reduces brain injury in TBI rats. There is, thus, a potential to develop naloxone for the management of brain injury
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