EFFECT OF NALBUPHINE AND TRAMADOL IN POST-SPINAL ANAESTHESIA SHIVERING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: In Spinal anaesthesia, a consequence of impaired thermoregulatory control, shivering is one of the most frequently reported complications of central neuraxial blockade, affecting 40–70% of patients. Nalbuphine is a mixed opioid agonist–antagonist with high afnity for the opioid receptor that functions as both a competitive opioid antagonist and a partial opioid agonist. Theoretically, nalbuphine could have signicant anti-shivering effects on post-anaesthetic shivering. This prospecti Methods: ve randomised (computer-generated) double-blinded study was conducted at Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Government Medical College Jammu J&K, after obtaining approval from hospital ethical committee. Randomisation was done using a computer-generated number where patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group-N and Group-T. We conned our investigation to 84 patients divided into two equal groups of 42 people. The non- Results: signicant difference was observed in age, gender, BMI, ASA physical status, duration of surgery, and duration of spinal anesthesia between the groups. The drug was found to signicantly reduce SBP, increase DBP, and increase MAP in the group given the drug compared to the nalbuphine group. The time taken to control shivering was signicantly shorter in the group-T. The group-T also had a lower Ramsay Sedation Scale score, indicating less sedation compared to the group-N group. The drug did not cause any adverse effects, while sedation, hypotension, and bradycardia were observed in the group-N. Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness were reported in the group-T, but not in the group-N. There was no signicant difference in the effectiveness of shivering control between the two groups. Both i Conclusion: ntravenous nalbuphine 0.05 mg/kg and tramadol 1 mg/kg are effective in managing post-spinal anesthesia shivering. However, tramadol had a shorter time to control shivering than nalbuphine. Both drugs had minimal effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and the side effects observed were minor and treatable