Abstract
Interactions between fine particles (0–50 μm) of anaerobic granular sludge were investigated by studying the effect of Na + or Ca 2+ supply on the evolution of the zeta potential and viscosity of granular sludge suspensions. In the Na + or Ca 2+ concentration range investigated, the Na + addition affected only slightly the evolution of the viscosity of fine particles of an anaerobic granular suspension. In contrast, Ca 2+ addition strongly modified the evolution of the viscosity of the studied anaerobic granular sludge suspension. The use of rheology combined with zeta potential measurements clearly described the physico-chemical interactions between small anaerobic granules and especially the importance of aggregation phenomena that occur between fine anaerobic particles under Ca 2+ addition. The positive effect of Ca 2+ on the aggregation of non-fed fine anaerobic granular sludge is likely to induce the formation of bigger particles and thus, prevent their wash-out from anaerobic bioreactors.
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