Abstract
s / Annals of Epidemiology 22 (2012) 661e680 665 quintile, were associated with the risk of CRC. The consumption of specific groups of vegetables including cruciferous, allium, green leafy, legumes, or other vegetables also did not yield significant associations. Conclusion: Fruit and vegetable intake was in general not associated with CRC risk among middle age and elderly Chinese men living in Shanghai. P17-S. Effect of N-Nitros Compounds on Colorectal Cancer and Its Interaction With Vitamins C and E Yun Zhu, Peizhong Peter Wang, Jing Zhao, Roger Green, Peter T. Campbell, John R. Mclaughlin. Division of Community Health, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Purpose: Several N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are potent carcinogenic in laboratory animals, but evidence of their carcinogenicity in humans is lacking. We examined the association between NOCs and colorectal cancer (CRC) and effect modification by vitamins C and E and protein. Methods: This was a large case-control study with 4241 participants in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), and Ontario (ON), Canada. All participants completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire to evaluate their dietary intakes one year prior to diagnosis or interview. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated across quintiles of Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) intake and relevant food items using unconditional logistic regression. Results: NDMA was associated with a higher risk of CRC (highest vs lowest quintiles, OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03-1.96; p-trend1⁄40.005), specifically of the rectum carcinoma (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11-2.35). CRC risk also increased with NDMA-containing meats (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03-2.10). There were evident effect modifications between certain antioxidants, protein, and NDMA, with ORs equaled to 1.34 (95% CI: 0.67-2.69) for individuals reporting high NDMA and low vitamin C, 3.05 (95% CI: 1.436.51) for those with high NDMA and low vitamin E, and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.12-4.15) for those with high NDMA and high protein intakes. Conclusion: Dietary NOCs could induce CRC in humans. Protein seems to work synergistically with NDMA to give rise to CRC risk. Vitamin C and vitamin E could neutralize the increased risk related to NDMA.
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