Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this experimental study was to determine whether combination of N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol can reduce the ischemia/reperfusion injury of spinal cord in a rat model.MethodsTwenty-seven Spraque Dawley rats, all male, weighing between 220 to 370 (mean 325) gr were used in the study. 27 rats were divided into three groups: sham group, control group and experimental group. Abdominal aortic occlusion between the renal arteries and iliac bifurcations was carried out for 60 min with proximal and distal clip in control and experimental groups. Hindlimb motor functions were evaluated at 24, and 48 h using the Tarlov Scale. Besides, spinal cord samples were taken for determination of superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities as antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase levels as source hydroxyl radical for biochemical studies. Also, histopathological evaluation was made from cord tissue samples.ResultsThe experimental group subjects had better neurological functions than control group subjects. In experimental group; superoxide dismutase and catalase levels increased, while malondialdehyde and xantine oxidase levels decreased as compared with control group. Histopathological examination showed that experimental group had less cell degeneration, hemorrhage, edema and inflammation loss than control group.ConclusionsThis study offers that combined use of N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol might help protect the spinal cord against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Highlights
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important reverse clinical result in a large range of vascular conditions and surgical interventions with the inclusion of aortic diseases
Trauma of the collaterals of the spinal cord during operation, a low perfusion of distal aorta, a long aortic cross-clamp time, intraoperative proximal hypertension, high pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and postoperative hypotension are all regarded as predecessor causes of paraplegia [2, 4]
We investigated the possible protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and allopurinol on neurological, biochemical and histopathological outcomes of spinal cord ischemia and its impact on I/R-induced oxidative damage using a rat infrarenal abdominal aortic clamping model
Summary
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important reverse clinical result in a large range of vascular conditions and surgical interventions with the inclusion of aortic diseases. These conditions may cause spinal cord ischemia because of aortic cross clamping, and so violent postoperative complications may improve such as paraplegia [1, 2]. This complication has been featured to provisional or persistent ischemia of the spinal cord caused by deduction of the blood procurementy during aortic cross-clamping [3]. The incidence of paraplegia has been reported to be as high as 35 % in some series [5,6,7,8]
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