Abstract
MwCNTs functionalized gallic acid resin and its metal complexes of Zn, Cu, Ni and Co (M_PGaMwCNT) were successfully synthesized and characterized. The impact of M_PGaMwCNT at 100 μg/mL on preventing and controlling biofilms produced by Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli was investigated. The influence of M_PGaMwCNT on biofilm mass was measured through crystal violet assay and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was quantified using phenol sulphuric acid assay. All the selected bacterial pathogens exhibited a maximum level of bacteriostatic activity at 100 μg/mL. The impact of M_PGaMwCNT, MwCNTs and polygallic acid on bacterial adhesion has revealed Zn_PGaMwCNT and Cu_PGaMwCNT as potential candidates for preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation by selected bacterial strains. Effect of M_PGaMwCNT on established biofilms of test organisms has shown Cu_PGaMwCNT as the most active agent with 91% and 85% reduction in the EPS concentration of biofilm formed by E. coli, S. mutans and E. faecalis. Zn_PGaMwCNT showed 85, 82 and 62% reductions in EPS of E. coli, S. mutan and E. faecalis. Polygallic acid (PGA) exhibited an 86% reduction of EPS in E. faecalis biofilm. This study further confirmed the enhancement of the antibiofilm efficacy when MwCNTs functionalized with polygallic acid metal complexes.
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