Effect of Multi-Year Environmental and Meteorological Factors on the Quality Traits of Winter Durum Wheat.

Gyula Vida,Marianna Rakszegi,Judit Bányai,Mónika Cséplő

doi:10.3390/plants11010113

Gyula Vida, Marianna Rakszegi + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010113

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Abstract

A detailed study was made of the effect of rainfall, average temperature and hot days on the gluten index and Minolta b* value of winter durum wheat sown in the field in 16 consecutive crop years (2005–2020). The joint analysis of these two technological quality traits represented a complex (plant–environment–meteorological factors) approach for the identification of durum wheat cultivars carrying an optimum combination of the two traits and for the determination of quality stability. The results of GGE-biplot analysis indicated that the cultivar that had the most favorable combination of the traits was ‘MVP’, while cultivar ‘GKS’ had the best gluten strength and ‘MVH’ the best yellow pigment content. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression between various meteorological factors (rainfall, mean temperature, number of heat days per 10-day period during grain-filling) and the two technological quality traits indicated that the expected value of the quality traits could be reliably estimated based on meteorological factors, with a generally negative effect on gluten index and a positive one on yellowness in all cultivars.

Highlights

The vast majority of the durum wheat produced and marketed in the world is grown under non-irrigated, semi-arid conditions [1].The main growing areas are the North and South Mediterranean zones and the Lusitanian zone [2]
ANOVA analysis showed the significant effect of the crop years, the genotype and their interaction on gluten index and Minolta b* values, based on the critical values for F distribution at the relevant probability levels and degrees of freedom (Table 1)
The same factors for each 10-day period from April to harvest, and the number of heat days in each 10-day period in the grain-filling period) and two technological quality parameters was analyzed by means of correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis

Summary

Introduction

The vast majority of the durum wheat produced and marketed in the world is grown under non-irrigated, semi-arid conditions [1].The main growing areas are the North and South Mediterranean zones and the Lusitanian zone [2]. Due to the mild winters, the crops are unlikely to suffer cold damage, while they are able to utilize the greater quantity of precipitation falling in winter. More northerly areas (Austria, Germany) the cultivars sown are again mostly spring types, but as the risk of freezing is greater in the colder winters, farmers sow the seed in spring. In Central and Eastern Europe (Pannonian region) most of the cultivars grown are true winter durum wheat that is sown in autumn. The main reason for this is that in this region, winter types are able to utilize the better quantities of rainfall available in autumn and winter [4], so their yield potential is substantially better than that of spring-sown crops [5,6]

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