Abstract
Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are used increasingly in regenerative medicine applications, including dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate if hAMSCs from aged and pathological mothers could be affected in their phenotype and functional behavior. hAMSCs were isolated from placentas of women aged younger than 40 years (Group 1, n = 7), older than 40 years (Group 2, n = 6), and with pre-eclampsia (Group 3, n = 5). Cell yield and viability were assessed at isolation (p0). Cell proliferation was evaluated from p0 to p5. Passage 2 was used to determine the phenotype, the differentiation capacity, and the adhesion to machined and sandblasted titanium disks. hAMSCs recovered from Group 3 were fewer than in Group 1. Viability and doubling time were not different among the three groups. Percentages of CD29+ cells were significantly lower in Group 3, while percentages of CD73+ cells were significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 as compared with Group 1. hAMSCs from Group 2 showed a significant lower differentiation capacity towards chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. hAMSCs from Group 3 adhered less to titanium surfaces. In conclusion, pathology can affect hAMSCs in phenotype and functional behavior and may alter bone regeneration capacities.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine in dentistry is applied in biotooth/bioroot engineering, regeneration of periodontal defects, and dentin-pulp regeneration strategies [1] by using a combination of scaffold, growth factors, and stem cells [2]
Our findings show that Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are affected by age and PE, in particular PE affects their adhesion to titanium surfaces, implying that PE hAMSCs may be not osteoconductive when used in combination with titanium-based dental implants
From the isolation to the p2, the expression of CD14, CD34, and CD45 was negligible for all the hAMSCs from the three Groups, as expected for mesenchymal stem cells (Table 2). These results reproduce well those we have found in an earlier work on hAMSCs obtained from another cohort of women (n = 3), in which we showed at p0 and p2 negligible to null expression of hematopietic markers, high expression of CD29 (p0 range: 66–86%; p2 range: 95–99%) and CD73 (p0 range: 88–91%; p2 range: 88–99%), and lower expression of CD105 (p0 range: 30–66%; p2 range: 40–76%) [25]
Summary
Regenerative medicine in dentistry is applied in biotooth/bioroot engineering, regeneration of periodontal defects, and dentin-pulp regeneration strategies [1] by using a combination of scaffold, growth factors, and stem cells [2] Within such context, polymers and commercially pure titanium membranes are used for dental implants and orthopedic surgery as scaffolds for engendering endogenous cells’ proliferation and migration, they are bioinert materials that do not. Sci. 2019, 9, 3471 stimulate bone formation (i.e., they are not osteoinductive) and do not directly bond to bone [3] This is why titanium surfaces, most commonly used in dental implants, have been engineered to determine the appropriate scaffold properties (e.g., porosity, surface geometry, and mechanical strength) in order to support the necessary cell activity to promote bone regrowth by the host cells [4]. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) have stem cell-like properties and are able to differentiate into cells derivable from each of the three germ layers, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages [7,8,9,10,11]
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