Abstract
The basal spacings of sodium montmorillonite (MMT) dispersed in various solvents and monomers were measured via X-ray diffraction. Some liquids with strong hydrogen-bonding groups (δh) showed little suspended MMT, but liquids with moderate or poor hydrogen-bonding groups precipitated MMT completely, this indicates that δh is an important factor for the dispersion state of natural MMT in a liquid. The basal spacing expansion also depends on polar components (δp) and hydrogen-bonding components (δh) of organic liquids. Liquids with high δh values showed expansion in the order of methyl alcohol > ethyl alcohol > 2-propyl alcohol > n-hexane > toluene > benzene, and monomers with high δp values exhibited expansion in the order of n-butyl acrylate > acrylonitrile > methyl methacrylate > styrene. Because dipole−dipole interactions involved both δh and δp, liquid dipole moments were adopted to explain the expansion of MMT in polymer−MMT nanocomposites. Monomers with high dipole moments showed large basal spacings...
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