Effect of Momordica Charantia on the Cytotoxic and Virulence Responses of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from Poultry Fecal Samples

Khatiwada J Kallur V

doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000117

Abstract

Consumption of untreated drinking water, raw milk, undercooked poultry meat and handling of raw poultry meat are the main sources of campylobacteriosis. Treatment of campylobacteriosis becomes very difficult due to the increasing pattern of antimicrobial resistance of these microbes. Thus, objectives of this study were to determine the cytotoxic potential of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolated from fecal samples of poultry on Chinese Hamster Ovary cell (CHO) and also to determine the effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) extract (BME) at 25%, 5%, 2.5% and 0.5% concentrations to reduce the cytotoxic effect of C. jejuni on CHO cells. Thirty-two C. jejuni strains isolated from poultry fecal samples were analyzed using Bolton broth as pre-enrichment broth and modified Charcoal–Cefoperazone Deoxycholate agar as a selective media, then characterized for the presence of 16S rRNA gene using polymerase chain reaction. Of the thirty-two strains isolated, twelve (37.5%) were positive for the presence of 16S rRNA gene. Minimum percent (0.17%) of cell adhesion of C. jejuni strain ATCC 29428 on CHO cells was observed at 25% BME and highest percent (8.3%) of cell adhesion was observed at 0.5% BME C. jejuni strain FCA 40 released minimum percent (44%) of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) from CHO cells in the presence of 25% concentration of BME, where as maximum percent (73%) of LDH release was observed with 0.5% concentration of BME on CHO cells. Results of this experiment also showed that percent alkaline phosphate (AP) release is ranged from 100% (ATCC 29428 with 0.5% BME) to 67% (ATCC 29428 with 25% BME). Thus, results of this study showed that BME significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects of C. jejuni on CHO cells, and it can be utilize as a natural therapeutic agent.

Highlights

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common diarrheal illness in the United States caused by Campylobacter spp
It has been reported that overlapping of serotypes of C. jejuni was observed in humans, poultry and cattle, which indicated that food of animal origin have a significant contribution in transmitting Campylobacter jejuni to human being [14]
These isolates positive for the 16s rRNA gene were further characterized for their ability to produce cytotoxic effects on CHO cell and determine the role of Bitter Melon extract on the virulence and cell mediated cytotoxicity of C. jejuni in cell culture

Summary

Introduction

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common diarrheal illness in the United States caused by Campylobacter spp. CDC reported that approximately one in every 1,000 reported Campylobacter illnesses leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome and as many as 40% of GuillainBarré syndrome cases may be triggered by campylobacteriosis in the US (CDC, 2010). This infection may be sporadic in occurrence or can occur as an outbreak usually in autumn and spring [2]. C. jejuni causes more than 90% of campylobacteriosis cases in most developed countries [11]. The species most commonly associated with human infection is Campylobacter jejuni (80–90%), followed by Campylobacter coli (5– 10%), but other Campylobacter species are known to cause human infection [12,13]. It has been reported that overlapping of serotypes of C. jejuni was observed in humans, poultry and cattle, which indicated that food of animal origin have a significant contribution in transmitting Campylobacter jejuni to human being [14]

Methods

Results

Conclusion