Abstract
AbstractCassia is one of the widely used spices in the Food Industry due to its preserving and flavoring qualities. Physico-mechanical properties of spices are crucial in the machine designing and processing operations. In this study, physical properties and hardness of cassia bark were determined at five moisture levels, 6–14% dry basis (d.b.). The hardness test was performed along three orthogonal axes of the cassia bark using a texture analyzer. The size of the cassia viz., length (34.79 mm), width (13.79 mm), thickness (2.84 mm), geometric mean diameter (11.13 mm), and sphericity (0.32) were examined at 11.10% d.b. moisture level. Bulk density (238.66–255.86 kg m−3), true density (691.82–795.13 kg m−3), porosity (65.50–67.82%), angle of repose (39.42–42.78°), and static coefficients of friction of cassia bark increased linearly with an increase in moisture. Moreover, static coefficients of friction ranged from 0.59 to 0.67, 0.50 to 0.66, and 0.48 to 0.56 for mild steel, plywood and aluminium surface, ...
Highlights
Cinnamon and cassia spices have flavoring, preserving, and medicinal properties and have broad application in the Food Industries
Harvesting of cassia and cinnamon trees is done by peeling off the bark on the trees and allowed to curl up in quills as the drying proceeds to a predetermined moisture level
Geometric mean diameter and sphericity It was observed that geometric mean diameter and sphericity of the cassia barks at the moisture content of 11.10% d.b. were 11.13 ± 0.56 and 0.32 ± 0.01 mm, respectively
Summary
Cinnamon and cassia spices have flavoring, preserving, and medicinal properties and have broad application in the Food Industries. Cinnamon and cassia are indigenous to South and South-East Asia and China. They are the evergreen trees that belong to genus Cinnamomum, which is having 250 species and most of them containing aromatic and flavoring components (Ghodki & Goswami, 2015). Harvesting of cassia and cinnamon trees is done by peeling off the bark on the trees and allowed to curl up in quills as the drying proceeds to a predetermined moisture level. Annual export of cassia bark from Vietnam is about 2,000 to 3,000 ton (Iqbal, 1993)
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