Abstract
Heat conductivity, curing rate and fatigue crack growth properties of carbon black-filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend that is frequently used in passenger car tire treads were simultaneously improved by a hybrid filler system of carbon black, high dispersible precipitated silica, modified layered silicate and ultra-light mixed filler of alumina and aluminum sulfate. An optimum formulation was obtained and a study of mechanisms governing composite properties has been performed according to the filler variables through the designing of experiments and the regression and statistical analysis and with the aid of composite characterization techniques such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and FE-SEM/EDX. Alumina could improve thermal conductivity, DeMatia crack growth, and the tensile strength of the rubber composite, along with relative maintenance of hardness and modulus. The effects of statistically significant interactions between silica and alumina on the abrasion behavior and thermal conductivity were observed, which was attributed to the presence of the silane coupling agent and the effect of modifying the alumina surface with the ethoxysilanes groups. The partial substitution of carbon black by high dispersible silica resulted in an increase in thermal diffusion coefficient, the improvement of heat buildup, resilience and DeMatia crack growth, and relative maintaining of tensile properties as well as a slight loss in abrasion and aging behavior of the tire tread composite. Through the increase of thermal diffusivity coefficient and a slightly improvement in the aging behavior, modified layered silicate (organoclay) caused a significant reduction in the optimum curing time of the tire tread composite. Some evidence has been provided for the interactions between modified layered silicate and silane coupling agent. The improvement in crack growth and thermal conductivity of the elastomer composite was attributed to smaller interparticle distances of hybrid filler system compared to those of carbon black filler system.
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